PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOPOLYMERIC MATERIALS SOLIDIFIED FROM RED MUD AND KAOLIN
187 viewsKeywords:
Geopolymer; Inorganic polymer; Red mud; Kaolin.Abstract
In this paper, geopolymer materials based on red mud and kaolin were prepared and characterized. Red mud and kaolin were mixed with different amount of alkaline activator and Ca(OH)2 at different temperature and curing time to form geopolymeric materials. Compressive strength of materials obtained was measured. The results show that the highest compressive strength of the materials was ~21 MPa. The presence of Ca(OH)2 component could make the C-S-H/C-A-S-H formation resulting the highly increasing in compressive strength of materials.
References
[1]. Liu, Y., C. Lin, and Y. Wu, Characterization of red mud derived from a combined Bayer Process and bauxite calcination method. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007. 146(1): p. 255-261.
[2]. Hajjaji, W., et al., Composition and technological properties of geopolymers based on metakaolin and red mud. Materials & Design (1980-2015), 2013. 52: p. 648-654.
[3]. Rai Suchita, W.K., Mukhopadhyay J, Yoo Chang Kyoo, Uslu Hasan, Neutralization and utilization of red mud for its better waste management. Arch Environ Sci, 2012. 6: p. 13-33.
[4]. Sahu, R.C., R.K. Patel, and B.C. Ray, Neutralization of red mud using CO2 sequestration cycle. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010. 179(1): p. 28-34.
[5]. Tamotia, S.K., Management of red mud. In: International symposium on processing of fines, vol. 2. Jamshedpur: NML Jamshedpur, 2000: p. 430–434.
[6]. Burke, I.T., et al., Speciation of Arsenic, Chromium, and Vanadium in Red Mud Samples from the Ajka Spill Site, Hungary. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012. 46(6): p. 3085-3092.
[7]. Renforth, P., et al., Contaminant mobility and carbon sequestration downstream of the Ajka (Hungary) red mud spill: The effects of gypsum dosing. Science of The Total Environment, 2012. 421-422: p. 253-259.
[8]. Liang, W., et al., Effect of strong acids on red mud structural and fluoride adsorption properties. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2014. 423: p. 158-165.
[9]. Deihimi, N., M. Irannajad, and B. Rezai, Equilibrium and kinetic studies of ferricyanide adsorption from aqueous solution by activated red mud. Journal of Environmental Management, 2018. 227: p. 277-285.
[10]. Xie, W.-M., et al., Accelerated crystallization of magnetic 4A-zeolite synthesized from red mud for application in removal of mixed heavy metal ions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2018. 358: p. 441-449.
[11]. Belviso, C., et al., Red mud as aluminium source for the synthesis of magnetic zeolite. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2018. 270: p. 24-29.
[12]. Shim, W.G., et al., Recycling of red mud as a catalyst for complete oxidation of benzene. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2018. 60: p. 259-267.
[13]. Oliveira, A.A.S., et al., Red mud based gold catalysts in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol with molecular oxygen. Catalysis Today, 2017. 289: p. 89-95.
[14]. Alam, S., S.K. Das, and B.H. Rao, Characterization of coarse fraction of red mud as a civil engineering construction material. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017. 168: p. 679-691.
[15]. Ribeiro, D.V., J.A. Labrincha, and M.R. Morelli, Effect of the addition of red mud on the corrosion parameters of reinforced concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 2012. 42(1): p. 124-133.
[16]. Davidovits, J., Properties of geopolymer cements. in First international conference on alkaline cements and concretes, 1994.
[17]. Hu, W., et al., Mechanical and microstructural characterization of geopolymers derived from red mud and fly ashes. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018. 186: p. 799-806.
[18]. Mijarsh, M.J.A., M.A. Megat Johari, and Z.A. Ahmad, Compressive strength of treated palm oil fuel ash based geopolymer mortar containing calcium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide and silica fume as mineral additives. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2015. 60: p. 65-81.
[19]. Granizo, M., et al., Alkaline Activation of Metakaolin: Effect of Calcium Hydroxide in the Products of Reaction. Vol. 85. 2004. 225-231.
[20]. Zaharaki, D., M. Galetakis, and K. Komnitsas, Valorization of construction and demolition (C&D) and industrial wastes through alkali activation. Construction and Building Materials, 2016. 121: p. 686-693.
[21]. Kaya, K. and S. Soyer-Uzun, Evolution of structural characteristics and compressive strength in red mud–metakaolin based geopolymer systems. Ceramics International, 2016. 42(6): p. 7406-7413.
[22]. Ascensão, G., et al., Red mud-based geopolymers with tailored alkali diffusion properties and pH buffering ability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017. 148: p. 23-30.
[23]. Garcia-Lodeiro, I., et al., Compatibility studies between N-A-S-H and C-A-S-H gels. Study in the ternary diagram Na2O–CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O. Cement and Concrete Research, 2011. 41(9): p. 923-931.
