Rectenna structure analysis for ambient RF Energy Harvesting
195 viewsDOI:
https://doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.89.2023.25-34Keywords:
RF energy harvesting; Rectenna; Q factor; Passive gain; Bandwidth.Abstract
The paper proposes an efficient structure of RF Energy Harvesting (RFEH) system that can improve efficiency of the system. The paper analysis and indicate relationships between characteristics of the RFEH system such as: center frequency, bandwidth, Q factor, passive gain, and number of rectifier stages. After that, paper proposes design steps to design the RFEH system in which high enough Q and wide bandwidth are guaranteed. The RFEH system is designed and tested to proved the effectiveness of the proposed method. Mesurement results show that a sensitivity of 1V output DC voltage reaches at -20 dBm input power of 950 MHz signal. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the system is 57% at -10 dBm input level. The system can generate 3.58 output power when input power of the LTE signal is -19.4 dBm.
References
[1]. F. Yildiz, “Potential ambient energy-harvesting sources and techniques”, J. Technol. Studies, Vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 40-48, (2009). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21061/jots.v35i1.a.6
[2]. P. M. -Y. Fan, O. -Y. Wong, M. -J. Chung, T. -Y. Su, X. Zhang, P. -H. Chen, “Energy Harvesting Techniques: Energy Sources, Power Management and Conversion”, IEEE ECCTD, (2015).
[3]. S. M. Demir, F. A. -Turjman, A. Muhtaroglu, “Energy Scavenging Methods for WBAN Applications: A review”, IEEE sensors journal, Vol. 18, no. 16, pp. 6477-6488, (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2018.2851187
[4]. B. Clerckx, R. Zhang, R. Schober, D. W. K. Ng, D. I. Kim, H. V. Poor.: “Fundamentals of Wireless Information and Power Transfer: From RF Energy Harvester Models to Signal and System Designs”, IEEE Journal on selected areas in communications, Vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 4-33, (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2018.2872615
[5]. M. Pinuela, P. D. Micheson, S. Lucyszyn, “Ambient RF Energy Harvesting in Urban and Semi-Urban Environments”, IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, Vol. 61, pp. 2715-2726, (2013). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2013.2262687
[6]. A. S. Andrenko, X. Lin, M. Zeng, “Outdoor RF Spectral Survey: a Roadmap for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting”, IEEE TENCON, (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON.2015.7373140
[7]. K. Ishibashi, J. Ida, L. T. Nguyen, R. Ishikawa, Y. Satoh, D. M. Luong, “RF characteristics of rectifier devices for ambient RF energy harvesting,” ISESD Conference, (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ISESD.2019.8909660
[8]. K. Kotani, T. Ito, “High efficiency Differential-Drive CMOS Rectifier for UHF RFIDs”, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, (2009). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2009.2028955
[9]. K. Bhatt, S. Kumar, P. Kumar, C. C. Tripathi, “Highly Efficient 2.4 and 5.8 GHz Dual-Band Rectenna for Energy Harvesting Applications”, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, pp 1-5, (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2019.2946911
[10]. M. Stoopman, S. Keyrouz, H. J. Visser, K. Phillips, W. A. Serdijn, “Co-Design of a CMOS Rectifier and Small Loop Antenna for Highly Sensitive RF Energy Harvesters”, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, pp. 622-634, (2014). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2014.2302793
[11]. K. R. Sadagopan, J. Kang, Y. Ramandass, A. Natarajan, “A cm-Scale 2.4 GHz Wireless Energy Harvester with Nano Watt Boost Converter and Antenna Rectifier Resonance for WiFi Powering of Sensor Node”. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol 53, pp. 3396 - 3406, (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2018.2875465
[12]. T. L Nguyen, Y. Sato, K. Ishibashi, “A 2.77 uW Ambient RF Energy Harvesting using DTMOS Cross-Coupled Rectifier on 65 nm SOTB and Wide Bandwidth System Design”, MDPI Electronics, Vol. 8(10), 1173, (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8101173
[13]. T. H. Lee, “The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits”, Cambridge, Chapter “Passive RLC networks”, (2004).
[14]. J. Kang, P. Chiang, A. Natarajan, “A 3.6 cm2 Wirelessly-Powered UWB SoC with -30.7dBm Rectifier Sensitivity and Sub-10cm Range Resolution”, IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium, pp 255-258, (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/RFIC.2015.7337753
