Activated carbon materials-derived from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste using H3PO4 activation for Rhodamine B removal in aqueous solution
18 viewsDOI:
https://doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.98.2024.94-100Keywords:
Plastic waste; Activated carbon; Environmental treatment; RhB removal; Chemical activation.Abstract
Plastic items, which offer convenience, are ubiquitous in several manufacturing sectors and in everyday life. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a highly popular synthetic plastic that is seeing a growing demand. Annually, a substantial quantity of PET plastic garbage is released into the environment. Hence, it is imperative to devise an efficient remedy for the disposal of PET plastic waste. This work employed PET waste plastic to produce activated carbon by the chemical activation method. The activating agent utilized was H3PO4 acid. An investigation was conducted to determine the impact of the impregnation rate of PET waste plastic with H3PO4, as well as the activating temperature and activating time, on the surface areas of activated carbon. The activated carbon was thoroughly analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The resulting product has a porous structure, a developed pore system, and a specific surface area of 892 m2/g, with effective adsorption capacity for RhB solutions with concentrations below 80 ppm (efficiency above 90%) in a neutral environment according to the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 45.45 mg/g.
References
[1]. Siddique, R., J. Khatib, and I.J.W.m. Kaur, “Use of recycled plastic in concrete: A review”. 28(10): p. 1835-1852, (2008).
[2]. Tournier, V., et al., “An engineered PET depolymerase to break down and recycle plastic bottles”. 580(7802): p. 216-219, (2020).
[3]. Geueke, B., K. Groh, and J.J.J.o.c.p. Muncke, “Food packaging in the circular economy: Overview of chemical safety aspects for commonly used materials”. 193: p. 491-505, (2018).
[4]. Alam, O., et al., “Characteristics of plastic bags and their potential environmental hazards”. 132: p. 121-129, (2018).
[5]. Ali, M.F., M.N.J.J.o.A. Siddiqui, and A. Pyrolysis, “Thermal and catalytic decomposition behavior of PVC mixed plastic waste with petroleum residue”. 74(1-2): p. 282-289, (2005).
[6]. Faraca, G. and T.J.W.M. Astrup, “Plastic waste from recycling centres: Characterisation and evaluation of plastic recyclability”. 95: p. 388-398, (2019).
[7]. Zhuo, C. and Y.A.J.J.o.A.P.S. Levendis, “Upcycling waste plastics into carbon nanomaterials: A review”. 131(4), (2014).
[8]. Qureshi, M.S., et al., “Pyrolysis of plastic waste: Opportunities and challenges”. 152: p. 104804, (2020).
[9]. Miandad, R., et al., “Catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste: A review”. 102: p. 822-838, (2016).
[10]. Agenda, I. “The new plastics economy rethinking the future of plastics”. World Economic Forum. (2016).
[11]. Sharma, S., et al., “Synthesis of graphene crystals from solid waste plastic by chemical vapor deposition”. 72: p. 66-73, (2014).
[12]. Wang, Y., et al., “Application of carbon nanotube prepared from waste plastic to phase change materials: The potential for battery thermal management”. 154: p. 96-104, (2022).
[13]. Kumari, M., et al., “Transformation of solid plastic waste to activated carbon fibres for wastewater treatment”. 294: p. 133692, (2022).
[14]. Cansado, I.P., et al. “Textural development of activated carbon prepared from recycled PET with different chemical activation agents”. Materials Science Forum. (2008).
[15]. Zięzio, M., et al., “Preparation and characterization of activated carbons obtained from the waste materials impregnated with phosphoric acid (V)”. 10: p. 4703-4716, (2020).
[16]. Sureshkumar, A. and M.J.B.J.o.C.E. Susmita, “Optimization of preparation conditions for activated carbons from polyethylene terephthalate using response surface methodology”. 35: p. 1105-1116, (2018).
